A magnetic field is the area around a magnet, magnetic object, or an electric charge in which magnetic force is exerted. Earth behaves like a giant magnet.
The two primary characteristics of magnetic fields are their strength (referred to as magnetic flux density or magnetic induction) and direction.
A magnetometer is a device that measures the magnetic field at a point where it is.
Types of Magnetometers
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Scalar Magnetometers
Measure only the strength of the magnetic field.
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Vector Magnetometers
Measure both the strength and direction of the magnetic field.
